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August 22, 2009  |  By ENCOD In 2009

LES DROGUES PSYCHEDELIQUES UTILES EN PSYCHIATRIE?

arton1974

Source: Doctissimo

18 août 2009


Donner des substances hallucinogènes à des patients psychiatriques, voilà un postulat au minimum incongru. Pourtant le psychiatre lyonnais Olivier Chambon confirme l’intérêt de ces substances pour traiter certaines pathologies psychiatriques résistantes aux traitements habituels. La médecine psychédélique a-t-elle un avenir ?

Le LSD, l’ecstasy, les champignons à psilocybine (hallucinogènes), l’ayahuasca ou encore l’iboga sont des substances capables de provoquer des hallucinations ou d’exacerber les sens. Elles sont donc prohibées par les sociétés occidentales dans le cadre de la lutte contre la toxicomanie. Cependant ces substances sont étudiées par de nombreux scientifiques, en raison de possibles effets thérapeutiques.

Selon le Dr Oliver Chambon, auteur du livre La médecine psychédélique – Le pouvoir thérapeutique des hallucinogènes, “les drogues psychédéliques sont de retour, mais cette fois dans les laboratoires et les hôpitaux, et pour leurs indications thérapeutiques. Dans le monde entier, de nombreux scientifiques s’intéressent à ces substances hallucinogènes pour étudier leur action sur certaines pathologies résistant aux traitements psychiatriques, notamment les dépressions chroniques, la dépendance alcoolique, le stress post-traumatique.” Le Dr Chambon ajoute qu’elles ne sont pas étudiées “en France où ces substances sont assimilées à des drogues”, à l’instar de ce qui se passe avec l’usage thérapeutique du cannabis.

De plus ces substances ne provoquent pas de dépendance et n’ont pas d’effets stupéfiants, contrairement à l’héroïne ou l’alcool (pas d’obscurcissement de la conscience). Les études déjà menées montrent par exemple le rôle positif de l’association d’une petite dose du principe actif de l’ecstasy dans la prise en charge de troubles anxieux, ou encore l’intérêt du LSD ou des champignons hallucinogènes, également à doses contrôlées, dans le traitement des algies vasculaires du visage (douleurs violentes s’apparentant à des migraines, touchant la moitié d’un visage).

En conséquence, le Dr Chambon affirme qu'”il existe actuellement bien assez de données de recherche et de publications, au niveau international, pour étudier, en France, l’efficacité des médicaments psychédéliques dans des affections psychiatriques résistant aux autres approches, avec de grandes chances d’obtention de gains thérapeutiques importants”.

Cet appel à une extension de la recherche médicale sur ces substances dans le but d’élargir les possibilités de traitements des cas difficiles sera-t-il entendu ?

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LES DROGUES PSYCHEDELIQUES UTILES EN PSYCHIATRIE?